How+the+earth+was+made


 * 1) ​Geology as a profession is only about how old? 200 years.
 * 2) Who is considered the Father of Modern Geology? James Hutton
 * 3) According to early interpretation of the Bible, the Earth is how old? 6,000yrs old Oct. 14
 * 4) What feature studied in "geologic time" indicated to Hutton that the Earth had to be more than 6000 years old? The way the rock was formed. Right angles.
 * 5) The Earth was formed by (meteor) collisions with the proto-Earth
 * 6) Lord Kelvin's age of the Earth was based upon the (Cooling) of a molten crust
 * 7) In 1911 (Arthur holms) used radioactivity to estimate an accurate age of the Earth to be how old? 4.5billion yrs
 * 8) Radioactive uranium decays to (lead).
 * 9) The accepted age of the Earth is 4.5billion yrs.
 * 10) The Barberton Hills of South Africa have (Pillow lava) that show the planet had oceans by 3.5 billion years (b.y.) ago
 * 11) Many Geologist now believe that much of the Earth's water came from (Extra Terrestrial astroids) Rather then out of gassing volcanic activity
 * 12) By 4.0 b.y. ago (90)% of the Earth was covered with (Water)
 * 13) The early atmosphere around 4.0 b.y. was ~200 degrees F mainly due to (Carbon Dioxide ).
 * 14) The nucleus of the continents appears around 3.4 b.y. and are composed of (granite)
 * 15) Superheated mixing with (water) and basalt can form (granite).
 * 16) The shallow coastal waters of the new continents 3.5 B.Y. ago hosted Earth's first life; the (Stromatolites)
 * 17) The new life strips what out of the atmosphere and adds what to it? oxygen
 * 18) Seas change from (Green) to (Blue) due to the oxidation of iron in the water.
 * 19) The world's supply of iron ore is mined from rocks called the (banded iron formations)
 * 20) By 1.5 B.Y. the continents cover (25)% of the Earth's surface and are moving about in a theory we call (Plate tectonics) today
 * 21) The meteorologist (Vaganer) in 1912 proposed continental drift based upon what evidence? The way the continents are shaped.
 * 22) Oceanic floor is continuously being (recycled)
 * 23) The island of Iceland is situated on the (mid Atlantic ridge).
 * 24) The fissure canyons of Iceland are opening at a rate of (2.5cm or 1) inch/year.
 * 25) Plate motion can be traced back to (1billion yrs ago) b.y. when Canada and the U.S form the core of the super continent called (Rodinia).
 * 26) The Earth became a (Snowball or Ice planet) when the super continent blocked the redistribution of heat by ocean currents.
 * 27) Life at the time was brought to near (Extinction).
 * 28) Rodinia was split by (Volcanic) activity and the Earth's atmosphere was briefly warmed by (Carbon Dioxide).
 * 29) Sea water was rich in (Oxogen).
 * 30) The (Burgess) Shale in the Canadian Rockies is a treasure trove of (The ???) Period fossils.
 * 31) Fossils at the beginning of the Paleozoic show the adaptation of these features not seen in earlier fossils? Teeth, Hard shells, Eyes and skeletons.
 * 32) The accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere allowed the formation of the (Ozone layer) which became a shield for what radiation? Ultra violet
 * 33) The first life to move ashore some 300-400 million (m.y.) ago were (Insects).
 * 34) The Carboniferous, part of which is the Pennsylvanian, was a time of widespread (Swamps) that accumulated (plant Matter) later to be transformed to (Coal)
 * 35) 240 m.y ago the continents were re-assembled into a second super continent called (Pangea)
 * 36) The high levels of oxygen and CO2 lead to the rise of the (Dinosaurs) in the Mesozoic.
 * 37) Dinosaur means (Terrible lizard)
 * 38) 180 m.y ago (Pangea) was split apart by an upsurge in volcanism the put large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere causing (Heating) to the climate
 * 39) The diamonds of Kimberly occur in what kind of features? Shaped like and ice cream cone.
 * 40) The end of the Mesozoic, 65 m.y. ago saw an extinction rate of 75% and is believed to be due to a (Meteor) on the north end of the Yucatan Peninsula in (Mexico).
 * 41) The tombstone meteorite contains the rare element (Iridium).
 * 42) At the same time great outpourings of lava in (Western India) were adding dust and gasses to the atmosphere.
 * 43) The demise of the dinosaurs led to the expansion of (Mammals) the as the new dominant life form
 * 44) The Alps represent the collision of (African Continents) and (European Continents).
 * 45) The top of the Matterhorn has rocks from (Africa).
 * 46) All mountains owe their origin to (Plat tectonics).
 * 47) The height of mountains is a determined by what two major processes? Uplift and Erosion
 * 48) The uplift of the (Colorado) Plateau by the American plate over riding the (Pacific) plate has caused the (Colorado) River to cut the Grand Canyon.
 * 49) About 2 m.y. ago the Isthmus of (Panama) was formed disrupting ocean currents and bringing on the (Ice age).
 * 50) (Land bridge)closed the isthmus.
 * 51) Glaciers move like slow moving (Rivers)
 * 52) What major American city was once covered by a massive glacier? New york New York
 * 53) Deposits from glaciers created (Long) Island and Cape (Cod)
 * 54) The basins of the (Great) Lakes were carved by the glaciers.
 * 55) The retreat of icecaps and glaciers most recently occurred how many years ago? 10 thousand years
 * 56) Do geologists think there will be another advance of the icecaps and glaciers? Yes.
 * 57) The Great Plate Tectonic "machine" will someday (Stop).